video-setup/src/modules/discovery/discovery.c

#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdatomic.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <errno.h>

#include "discovery.h"
#include "serial.h"
#include "transport.h"  /* TRANSPORT_FRAME_HEADER_SIZE */

#define DEFAULT_INTERVAL_MS       5000u
#define DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_INTERVALS 3u
#define RECV_BUF_SIZE             512u

/* announcement payload layout (offsets relative to payload start) */
#define ANN_PROTOCOL_VERSION  0   /* u8  */
#define ANN_SITE_ID           1   /* u16 */
#define ANN_TCP_PORT          3   /* u16 */
#define ANN_FUNCTION_FLAGS    5   /* u16 */
#define ANN_NAME_LEN          7   /* u8  */
#define ANN_NAME              8   /* bytes */
#define ANN_FIXED_SIZE        8u

struct Peer_Entry {
	struct Discovery_Peer  info;
	uint64_t               last_seen_ms;
	int                    active;
};

struct Discovery {
	int                    sock;
	struct sockaddr_in     mcast_addr;
	struct Discovery_Config config;

	pthread_t              announce_thread;
	pthread_t              receive_thread;
	atomic_int             running;

	pthread_mutex_t        announce_mutex;
	pthread_cond_t         announce_cond;  /* signaled to wake announce thread early */

	pthread_mutex_t        peers_mutex;
	struct Peer_Entry      peers[DISCOVERY_MAX_PEERS];
};

/* -- helpers --------------------------------------------------------------- */

static uint64_t now_ms(void) {
	struct timespec ts;
	clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &ts);
	return (uint64_t)ts.tv_sec * 1000u + (uint64_t)ts.tv_nsec / 1000000u;
}

static int find_peer(struct Discovery *d, uint32_t addr, const char *name) {
	for (int i = 0; i < DISCOVERY_MAX_PEERS; i++) {
		if (d->peers[i].active
			&& d->peers[i].info.addr == addr
			&& strcmp(d->peers[i].info.name, name) == 0) {
			return i;
		}
	}
	return -1;
}

static int find_slot(struct Discovery *d) {
	for (int i = 0; i < DISCOVERY_MAX_PEERS; i++) {
		if (!d->peers[i].active) { return i; }
	}
	return -1;
}

/* -- send ------------------------------------------------------------------ */

static void send_announcement(struct Discovery *d) {
	size_t  name_len = strlen(d->config.name);
	if (name_len > DISCOVERY_MAX_NAME_LEN) { name_len = DISCOVERY_MAX_NAME_LEN; }

	uint32_t payload_len = (uint32_t)(ANN_FIXED_SIZE + name_len);
	size_t   total       = TRANSPORT_FRAME_HEADER_SIZE + payload_len;
	uint8_t  buf[TRANSPORT_FRAME_HEADER_SIZE + ANN_FIXED_SIZE + DISCOVERY_MAX_NAME_LEN];

	/* frame header */
	put_u16(buf, 0, 0x0010);       /* message_type: DISCOVERY_ANNOUNCE */
	put_u32(buf, 2, payload_len);

	/* announcement payload */
	uint8_t *p = buf + TRANSPORT_FRAME_HEADER_SIZE;
	put_u8 (p, ANN_PROTOCOL_VERSION, DISCOVERY_PROTOCOL_VERSION);
	put_u16(p, ANN_SITE_ID,          d->config.site_id);
	put_u16(p, ANN_TCP_PORT,         d->config.tcp_port);
	put_u16(p, ANN_FUNCTION_FLAGS,   d->config.function_flags);
	put_u8 (p, ANN_NAME_LEN,         (uint8_t)name_len);
	memcpy(p + ANN_NAME, d->config.name, name_len);

	sendto(d->sock, buf, total, 0,
		(struct sockaddr *)&d->mcast_addr, sizeof(d->mcast_addr));
}

/* -- timeout check --------------------------------------------------------- */

static void check_timeouts(struct Discovery *d) {
	uint64_t ts      = now_ms();
	uint64_t timeout = (uint64_t)d->config.interval_ms
	                 * (uint64_t)d->config.timeout_intervals;

	for (int i = 0; i < DISCOVERY_MAX_PEERS; i++) {
		struct Discovery_Peer peer_copy;
		int expired = 0;

		pthread_mutex_lock(&d->peers_mutex);
		if (d->peers[i].active && (ts - d->peers[i].last_seen_ms) > timeout) {
			peer_copy          = d->peers[i].info;
			d->peers[i].active = 0;
			expired            = 1;
		}
		pthread_mutex_unlock(&d->peers_mutex);

		if (expired && d->config.on_peer_lost) {
			d->config.on_peer_lost(&peer_copy, d->config.userdata);
		}
	}
}

/* -- announce thread ------------------------------------------------------- */

static void *announce_thread_fn(void *arg) {
	struct Discovery *d = arg;

	send_announcement(d);

	pthread_mutex_lock(&d->announce_mutex);
	while (atomic_load(&d->running)) {
		struct timespec abs;
		clock_gettime(CLOCK_REALTIME, &abs);
		uint32_t ms = d->config.interval_ms;
		abs.tv_sec  += ms / 1000u;
		abs.tv_nsec += (long)(ms % 1000u) * 1000000L;
		if (abs.tv_nsec >= 1000000000L) {
			abs.tv_sec++;
			abs.tv_nsec -= 1000000000L;
		}
		/* blocks until signaled (new peer / shutdown) or interval elapses */
		pthread_cond_timedwait(&d->announce_cond, &d->announce_mutex, &abs);

		if (!atomic_load(&d->running)) { break; }

		send_announcement(d);
		check_timeouts(d);
	}
	pthread_mutex_unlock(&d->announce_mutex);

	return NULL;
}

/* -- receive thread -------------------------------------------------------- */

static void *receive_thread_fn(void *arg) {
	struct Discovery *d = arg;
	uint8_t          buf[RECV_BUF_SIZE];
	struct sockaddr_in src;
	socklen_t          src_len;

	while (atomic_load(&d->running)) {
		src_len = sizeof(src);
		ssize_t n = recvfrom(d->sock, buf, sizeof(buf), 0,
			(struct sockaddr *)&src, &src_len);

		if (n < 0) {
			/* SO_RCVTIMEO fires as EAGAIN — just loop and re-check running */
			continue;
		}

		/* validate frame header */
		if (n < (ssize_t)TRANSPORT_FRAME_HEADER_SIZE) { continue; }
		uint16_t msg_type    = get_u16(buf, 0);
		uint32_t payload_len = get_u32(buf, 2);
		if (msg_type != 0x0010) { continue; }
		if ((ssize_t)(TRANSPORT_FRAME_HEADER_SIZE + payload_len) > n) { continue; }
		if (payload_len < ANN_FIXED_SIZE) { continue; }

		/* parse announcement payload */
		uint8_t *p        = buf + TRANSPORT_FRAME_HEADER_SIZE;
		uint16_t site_id  = get_u16(p, ANN_SITE_ID);
		uint16_t tcp_port = get_u16(p, ANN_TCP_PORT);
		uint16_t flags    = get_u16(p, ANN_FUNCTION_FLAGS);
		uint8_t  name_len = get_u8 (p, ANN_NAME_LEN);

		if (payload_len < (uint32_t)(ANN_FIXED_SIZE + name_len)) { continue; }

		char name[DISCOVERY_MAX_NAME_LEN + 1];
		memcpy(name, p + ANN_NAME, name_len);
		name[name_len] = '\0';

		/* skip our own announcements */
		if (site_id == d->config.site_id
			&& strcmp(name, d->config.name) == 0) {
			continue;
		}

		uint32_t addr = src.sin_addr.s_addr;
		uint64_t ts   = now_ms();
		int      is_new = 0;
		struct Discovery_Peer peer_copy;

		pthread_mutex_lock(&d->peers_mutex);

		int idx = find_peer(d, addr, name);
		if (idx >= 0) {
			d->peers[idx].last_seen_ms        = ts;
			d->peers[idx].info.site_id        = site_id;
			d->peers[idx].info.tcp_port       = tcp_port;
			d->peers[idx].info.function_flags = flags;
		} else {
			idx = find_slot(d);
			if (idx >= 0) {
				d->peers[idx].active                  = 1;
				d->peers[idx].last_seen_ms            = ts;
				d->peers[idx].info.addr               = addr;
				d->peers[idx].info.site_id            = site_id;
				d->peers[idx].info.tcp_port           = tcp_port;
				d->peers[idx].info.function_flags     = flags;
				strncpy(d->peers[idx].info.name, name, DISCOVERY_MAX_NAME_LEN);
				d->peers[idx].info.name[DISCOVERY_MAX_NAME_LEN] = '\0';
				peer_copy = d->peers[idx].info;
				is_new    = 1;
			}
		}

		pthread_mutex_unlock(&d->peers_mutex);

		/* respond to every announcement — the sender may be a fresh instance
		 * that doesn't know about us yet even if we already have it in our table */
		pthread_mutex_lock(&d->announce_mutex);
		pthread_cond_signal(&d->announce_cond);
		pthread_mutex_unlock(&d->announce_mutex);

		if (is_new && d->config.on_peer_found) {
			d->config.on_peer_found(&peer_copy, d->config.userdata);
		}
	}

	return NULL;
}

/* -- public API ------------------------------------------------------------ */

struct App_Error discovery_create(struct Discovery **out,
	struct Discovery_Config *config)
{
	struct Discovery *d = calloc(1, sizeof(*d));
	if (!d) { return APP_SYSCALL_ERROR(); }

	d->config      = *config;
	d->sock        = -1;

	if (d->config.interval_ms == 0) {
		d->config.interval_ms = DEFAULT_INTERVAL_MS;
	}
	if (d->config.timeout_intervals == 0) {
		d->config.timeout_intervals = DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_INTERVALS;
	}

	d->mcast_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
	d->mcast_addr.sin_port   = htons(DISCOVERY_PORT);
	inet_pton(AF_INET, DISCOVERY_MULTICAST_GROUP, &d->mcast_addr.sin_addr);

	atomic_init(&d->running, 0);
	pthread_mutex_init(&d->announce_mutex, NULL);
	pthread_cond_init(&d->announce_cond, NULL);
	pthread_mutex_init(&d->peers_mutex, NULL);

	*out = d;
	return APP_OK;
}

struct App_Error discovery_start(struct Discovery *d) {
	int sock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM | SOCK_CLOEXEC, 0);
	if (sock < 0) { return APP_SYSCALL_ERROR(); }

	int opt = 1;
	setsockopt(sock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, &opt, sizeof(opt));
	setsockopt(sock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEPORT, &opt, sizeof(opt));

	struct sockaddr_in bind_addr = {0};
	bind_addr.sin_family      = AF_INET;
	bind_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);
	bind_addr.sin_port        = htons(DISCOVERY_PORT);

	if (bind(sock, (struct sockaddr *)&bind_addr, sizeof(bind_addr)) < 0) {
		close(sock);
		return APP_SYSCALL_ERROR();
	}

	struct ip_mreq mreq = {0};
	inet_pton(AF_INET, DISCOVERY_MULTICAST_GROUP, &mreq.imr_multiaddr);
	mreq.imr_interface.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);
	if (setsockopt(sock, IPPROTO_IP, IP_ADD_MEMBERSHIP,
		&mreq, sizeof(mreq)) < 0) {
		close(sock);
		return APP_SYSCALL_ERROR();
	}

	uint8_t ttl = 1;
	setsockopt(sock, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_TTL, &ttl, sizeof(ttl));

	/* 1 second receive timeout so the receive thread can check running */
	struct timeval tv = { .tv_sec = 1, .tv_usec = 0 };
	setsockopt(sock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVTIMEO, &tv, sizeof(tv));

	d->sock = sock;
	atomic_store(&d->running, 1);

	if (pthread_create(&d->receive_thread, NULL, receive_thread_fn, d) != 0) {
		atomic_store(&d->running, 0);
		close(sock);
		d->sock = -1;
		return APP_SYSCALL_ERROR();
	}

	if (pthread_create(&d->announce_thread, NULL, announce_thread_fn, d) != 0) {
		atomic_store(&d->running, 0);
		close(sock);
		d->sock = -1;
		pthread_join(d->receive_thread, NULL);
		return APP_SYSCALL_ERROR();
	}

	return APP_OK;
}

void discovery_destroy(struct Discovery *d) {
	atomic_store(&d->running, 0);
	/* wake announce thread so it exits without waiting for the full interval */
	pthread_mutex_lock(&d->announce_mutex);
	pthread_cond_signal(&d->announce_cond);
	pthread_mutex_unlock(&d->announce_mutex);
	close(d->sock);
	pthread_join(d->announce_thread, NULL);
	pthread_join(d->receive_thread, NULL);
	pthread_cond_destroy(&d->announce_cond);
	pthread_mutex_destroy(&d->announce_mutex);
	pthread_mutex_destroy(&d->peers_mutex);
	free(d);
}