Allow fast-forward-only merge when signed commits are required (#37335)

Fast-forward-only creates no Gitea commit, so skip the "can Gitea sign"
precheck for it. Pre-check head-commit verification for styles that
preserve user commits on the target (merge, fast-forward-only) so a PR
with unsigned commits surfaces a localized error instead of a 500 at the
pre-receive hook. The dropdown still shows every configured style; the
avatar and signing warning toggle per selection via
data-pull-merge-style.

Fixes #12272 

**Note**: Admin force-merge does not bypass the new head-commits check.
This matches the existing `isSignedIfRequired` behavior.

Signed-off-by: Nikita Vakula <programmistov.programmist@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: wxiaoguang <wxiaoguang@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: silverwind <me@silverwind.io>
Co-authored-by: Claude (Opus 4.7) <noreply@anthropic.com>
Co-authored-by: wxiaoguang <wxiaoguang@gmail.com>

options/locale/locale_en-US.json

@@ -1850,6 +1850,7 @@
   "repo.pulls.merge_manually": "Manually merged",
   "repo.pulls.merge_commit_id": "The merge commit ID",
   "repo.pulls.require_signed_wont_sign": "The branch requires signed commits but this merge will not be signed",
+  "repo.pulls.require_signed_head_commits_unverified": "The branch requires signed commits but one or more commits on this pull request are not verified",
   "repo.pulls.invalid_merge_option": "You cannot use this merge option for this pull request.",
   "repo.pulls.merge_conflict": "Merge Failed: There was a conflict while merging. Hint: Try a different strategy.",
   "repo.pulls.merge_conflict_summary": "Error Message",

routers/api/v1/repo/pull.go

@@ -965,7 +965,7 @@ func MergePullRequest(ctx *context.APIContext) {
 	}
 
 	// start with merging by checking
-	if err := pull_service.CheckPullMergeable(ctx, ctx.Doer, &ctx.Repo.Permission, pr, mergeCheckType, form.ForceMerge); err != nil {
+	if err := pull_service.CheckPullMergeable(ctx, ctx.Doer, &ctx.Repo.Permission, pr, mergeCheckType, repo_model.MergeStyle(form.Do), form.ForceMerge); err != nil {
 		if errors.Is(err, pull_service.ErrIsClosed) {
 			ctx.APIErrorNotFound()
 		} else if errors.Is(err, pull_service.ErrNoPermissionToMerge) {
@@ -980,6 +980,8 @@ func MergePullRequest(ctx *context.APIContext) {
 			ctx.APIError(http.StatusMethodNotAllowed, err)
 		} else if asymkey_service.IsErrWontSign(err) {
 			ctx.APIError(http.StatusMethodNotAllowed, err)
+		} else if errors.Is(err, pull_service.ErrHeadCommitsNotAllVerified) {
+			ctx.APIError(http.StatusMethodNotAllowed, err)
 		} else {
 			ctx.APIErrorInternal(err)
 		}

routers/web/repo/pull.go

@@ -1100,7 +1100,7 @@ func MergePullRequest(ctx *context.Context) {
 	}
 
 	// start with merging by checking
-	if err := pull_service.CheckPullMergeable(ctx, ctx.Doer, &ctx.Repo.Permission, pr, mergeCheckType, form.ForceMerge); err != nil {
+	if err := pull_service.CheckPullMergeable(ctx, ctx.Doer, &ctx.Repo.Permission, pr, mergeCheckType, repo_model.MergeStyle(form.Do), form.ForceMerge); err != nil {
 		switch {
 		case errors.Is(err, pull_service.ErrIsClosed):
 			if issue.IsPull {
@@ -1120,6 +1120,8 @@ func MergePullRequest(ctx *context.Context) {
 			ctx.JSONError(ctx.Tr("repo.pulls.no_merge_not_ready"))
 		case asymkey_service.IsErrWontSign(err):
 			ctx.JSONError(err.Error()) // has no translation ...
+		case errors.Is(err, pull_service.ErrHeadCommitsNotAllVerified):
+			ctx.JSONError(ctx.Tr("repo.pulls.require_signed_head_commits_unverified"))
 		case errors.Is(err, pull_service.ErrDependenciesLeft):
 			ctx.JSONError(ctx.Tr("repo.issues.dependency.pr_close_blocked"))
 		default:

services/asymkey/sign.go

@@ -338,26 +338,41 @@ Loop:
 				return false, nil, nil, &ErrWontSign{headSigned}
 			}
 		case commitsSigned:
-			verification := ParseCommitWithSignature(ctx, headCommit)
+			verified, err := AllHeadCommitsVerified(ctx, pr, gitRepo)
-			if !verification.Verified {
+			if err != nil {
+				return false, nil, nil, err
+			}
+			if !verified {
 				return false, nil, nil, &ErrWontSign{commitsSigned}
 			}
-			// need to work out merge-base
-			mergeBaseCommit, err := gitrepo.MergeBase(ctx, pr.BaseRepo, baseCommit.ID.String(), headCommit.ID.String())
-			if err != nil {
-				return false, nil, nil, err
-			}
-			commitList, err := headCommit.CommitsBeforeUntil(mergeBaseCommit)
-			if err != nil {
-				return false, nil, nil, err
-			}
-			for _, commit := range commitList {
-				verification := ParseCommitWithSignature(ctx, commit)
-				if !verification.Verified {
-					return false, nil, nil, &ErrWontSign{commitsSigned}
-				}
-			}
 		}
 	}
 	return true, signingKey, signer, nil
 }
+
+// AllHeadCommitsVerified checks that every new commit in the PR head has a
+// verified signature.
+func AllHeadCommitsVerified(ctx context.Context, pr *issues_model.PullRequest, gitRepo *git.Repository) (bool, error) {
+	baseCommit, err := gitRepo.GetCommit(pr.BaseBranch)
+	if err != nil {
+		return false, err
+	}
+	headCommit, err := gitRepo.GetCommit(pr.GetGitHeadRefName())
+	if err != nil {
+		return false, err
+	}
+	mergeBaseCommit, err := gitrepo.MergeBase(ctx, pr.BaseRepo, baseCommit.ID.String(), headCommit.ID.String())
+	if err != nil {
+		return false, err
+	}
+	commitList, err := headCommit.CommitsBeforeUntil(mergeBaseCommit)
+	if err != nil {
+		return false, err
+	}
+	for _, commit := range commitList {
+		if !ParseCommitWithSignature(ctx, commit).Verified {
+			return false, nil
+		}
+	}
+	return true, nil
+}

services/automerge/automerge.go

@@ -251,7 +251,7 @@ func handlePullRequestAutoMerge(pullID int64, sha string) {
 		return
 	}
 
-	if err := pull_service.CheckPullMergeable(ctx, doer, &perm, pr, pull_service.MergeCheckTypeGeneral, false); err != nil {
+	if err := pull_service.CheckPullMergeable(ctx, doer, &perm, pr, pull_service.MergeCheckTypeGeneral, scheduledPRM.MergeStyle, false); err != nil {
 		if errors.Is(err, pull_service.ErrNotReadyToMerge) {
 			log.Info("%-v was scheduled to automerge by an unauthorized user", pr)
 			return

services/pull/check.go

@@ -38,14 +38,15 @@ import (
 var prPatchCheckerQueue *queue.WorkerPoolQueue[string]
 
 var (
-	ErrIsClosed            = errors.New("pull is closed")
+	ErrIsClosed                  = errors.New("pull is closed")
-	ErrNoPermissionToMerge = errors.New("no permission to merge")
+	ErrNoPermissionToMerge       = errors.New("no permission to merge")
-	ErrNotReadyToMerge     = errors.New("not ready to merge")
+	ErrNotReadyToMerge           = errors.New("not ready to merge")
-	ErrHasMerged           = errors.New("has already been merged")
+	ErrHasMerged                 = errors.New("has already been merged")
-	ErrIsWorkInProgress    = errors.New("work in progress PRs cannot be merged")
+	ErrIsWorkInProgress          = errors.New("work in progress PRs cannot be merged")
-	ErrIsChecking          = errors.New("cannot merge while conflict checking is in progress")
+	ErrIsChecking                = errors.New("cannot merge while conflict checking is in progress")
-	ErrNotMergeableState   = errors.New("not in mergeable state")
+	ErrNotMergeableState         = errors.New("not in mergeable state")
-	ErrDependenciesLeft    = errors.New("is blocked by an open dependency")
+	ErrDependenciesLeft          = errors.New("is blocked by an open dependency")
+	ErrHeadCommitsNotAllVerified = errors.New("the branch requires signed commits but not all head commits are verified")
 )
 
 func markPullRequestStatusAsChecking(ctx context.Context, pr *issues_model.PullRequest) bool {
@@ -132,7 +133,13 @@ const (
 )
 
 // CheckPullMergeable check if the pull mergeable based on all conditions (branch protection, merge options, ...)
-func CheckPullMergeable(stdCtx context.Context, doer *user_model.User, perm *access_model.Permission, pr *issues_model.PullRequest, mergeCheckType MergeCheckType, adminForceMerge bool) error {
+// mergeStyle tailors the "require signed commits" prechecks:
+//   - fast-forward-only: no Gitea commit is produced, so Gitea's merge-signing check is skipped;
+//     only the user's head commits are verified.
+//   - merge: both the head commits must be verified and Gitea must sign the merge commit.
+//   - rebase, rebase-merge, squash: Gitea rewrites the commits and signs each, so only Gitea's
+//     signing ability is checked.
+func CheckPullMergeable(stdCtx context.Context, doer *user_model.User, perm *access_model.Permission, pr *issues_model.PullRequest, mergeCheckType MergeCheckType, mergeStyle repo_model.MergeStyle, adminForceMerge bool) error {
 	return db.WithTx(stdCtx, func(ctx context.Context) error {
 		if pr.HasMerged {
 			return ErrHasMerged
@@ -207,7 +214,7 @@ func CheckPullMergeable(stdCtx context.Context, doer *user_model.User, perm *acc
 			}
 		}
 
-		if _, err := isSignedIfRequired(ctx, pr, doer); err != nil {
+		if err := checkSigningRequirements(ctx, pr, doer, mergeStyle); err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
 
@@ -221,26 +228,45 @@ func CheckPullMergeable(stdCtx context.Context, doer *user_model.User, perm *acc
 	})
 }
 
-// isSignedIfRequired check if merge will be signed if required
+// checkSigningRequirements enforces the target branch's RequireSignedCommits rule
-func isSignedIfRequired(ctx context.Context, pr *issues_model.PullRequest, doer *user_model.User) (bool, error) {
+// against the selected merge style:
+//   - fast-forward-only and merge keep the user's commits on the base branch, so
+//     those commits must all be verified, or the pre-receive hook will reject the
+//     push with a generic error.
+//   - fast-forward-only creates no Gitea commit, so Gitea's signing key is not used.
+//   - merge, rebase, rebase-merge and squash produce a Gitea-signed commit, so
+//     Gitea must be configured to sign it.
+func checkSigningRequirements(ctx context.Context, pr *issues_model.PullRequest, doer *user_model.User, mergeStyle repo_model.MergeStyle) error {
 	pb, err := git_model.GetFirstMatchProtectedBranchRule(ctx, pr.BaseRepoID, pr.BaseBranch)
 	if err != nil {
-		return false, err
+		return err
 	}
-
 	if pb == nil || !pb.RequireSignedCommits {
-		return true, nil
+		return nil
 	}
 
 	gitRepo, closer, err := gitrepo.RepositoryFromContextOrOpen(ctx, pr.BaseRepo)
 	if err != nil {
-		return false, err
+		return err
 	}
 	defer closer.Close()
 
-	sign, _, _, err := asymkey_service.SignMerge(ctx, pr, doer, gitRepo)
+	if mergeStyle == repo_model.MergeStyleFastForwardOnly || mergeStyle == repo_model.MergeStyleMerge {
+		verified, err := asymkey_service.AllHeadCommitsVerified(ctx, pr, gitRepo)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if !verified {
+			return ErrHeadCommitsNotAllVerified
+		}
+	}
 
-	return sign, err
+	if mergeStyle != repo_model.MergeStyleFastForwardOnly {
+		if _, _, _, err := asymkey_service.SignMerge(ctx, pr, doer, gitRepo); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
 }
 
 // markPullRequestAsMergeable checks if pull request is possible to leaving checking status,

services/pull/check_test.go

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import (
 	"time"
 
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/models/db"
+	git_model "code.gitea.io/gitea/models/git"
 	issues_model "code.gitea.io/gitea/models/issues"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/models/pull"
 	repo_model "code.gitea.io/gitea/models/repo"
@@ -73,6 +74,39 @@ func TestPullRequest_AddToTaskQueue(t *testing.T) {
 	prPatchCheckerQueue = nil
 }
 
+func TestCheckSigningRequirementsHeadCommits(t *testing.T) {
+	require.NoError(t, unittest.PrepareTestDatabase())
+	ctx := t.Context()
+
+	pr := unittest.AssertExistsAndLoadBean(t, &issues_model.PullRequest{ID: 2})
+	require.NoError(t, pr.LoadBaseRepo(ctx))
+	require.NoError(t, pr.LoadHeadRepo(ctx))
+
+	check := func() error {
+		return checkSigningRequirements(ctx, pr, nil, repo_model.MergeStyleFastForwardOnly)
+	}
+
+	// No protected branch rule on the base branch: the check must pass.
+	require.NoError(t, check())
+
+	// Protected branch without RequireSignedCommits: the check must still pass.
+	require.NoError(t, git_model.UpdateProtectBranch(ctx, pr.BaseRepo, &git_model.ProtectedBranch{
+		RepoID:               pr.BaseRepoID,
+		RuleName:             pr.BaseBranch,
+		RequireSignedCommits: false,
+	}, git_model.WhitelistOptions{}))
+	require.NoError(t, check())
+
+	// With RequireSignedCommits enabled: the test fixture commits have no signatures,
+	// so the check must report ErrHeadCommitsNotAllVerified.
+	pb, err := git_model.GetFirstMatchProtectedBranchRule(ctx, pr.BaseRepoID, pr.BaseBranch)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, pb)
+	pb.RequireSignedCommits = true
+	require.NoError(t, git_model.UpdateProtectBranch(ctx, pr.BaseRepo, pb, git_model.WhitelistOptions{}))
+	require.ErrorIs(t, check(), ErrHeadCommitsNotAllVerified)
+}
+
 func TestMarkPullRequestAsMergeable(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.NoError(t, unittest.PrepareTestDatabase())
 

tests/integration/pull_merge_test.go

@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@ import (
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/util"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/services/automerge"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/services/automergequeue"
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/services/forms"
 	pull_service "code.gitea.io/gitea/services/pull"
 	repo_service "code.gitea.io/gitea/services/repository"
 	commitstatus_service "code.gitea.io/gitea/services/repository/commitstatus"
@@ -510,6 +511,92 @@ func TestFastForwardOnlyMerge(t *testing.T) {
 	})
 }
 
+func TestFastForwardOnlyMergeWithRequiredSignedCommits(t *testing.T) {
+	onGiteaRun(t, func(t *testing.T, giteaURL *url.URL) {
+		session := loginUser(t, "user1")
+		testRepoFork(t, session, "user2", "repo1", "user1", "repo1", "")
+		testEditFileToNewBranch(t, session, "user1", "repo1", "master", "update", "README.md", "Hello, signed\n")
+
+		token := getTokenForLoggedInUser(t, session, auth_model.AccessTokenScopeWriteRepository)
+		createPRReq := NewRequestWithJSON(t, http.MethodPost, "/api/v1/repos/user1/repo1/pulls", &api.CreatePullRequestOption{
+			Head:  "update",
+			Base:  "master",
+			Title: "ff-only merge under require-signed-commits",
+		}).AddTokenAuth(token)
+		session.MakeRequest(t, createPRReq, http.StatusCreated)
+
+		user1 := unittest.AssertExistsAndLoadBean(t, &user_model.User{Name: "user1"})
+		repo1 := unittest.AssertExistsAndLoadBean(t, &repo_model.Repository{OwnerID: user1.ID, Name: "repo1"})
+		pr := unittest.AssertExistsAndLoadBean(t, &issues_model.PullRequest{
+			HeadRepoID: repo1.ID,
+			BaseRepoID: repo1.ID,
+			HeadBranch: "update",
+			BaseBranch: "master",
+		})
+
+		// Enable require-signed-commits on master.
+		require.NoError(t, git_model.UpdateProtectBranch(t.Context(), repo1, &git_model.ProtectedBranch{
+			RepoID:               repo1.ID,
+			RuleName:             "master",
+			RequireSignedCommits: true,
+		}, git_model.WhitelistOptions{}))
+
+		prIndex := strconv.FormatInt(pr.Index, 10)
+		mergeURL := "/user1/repo1/pulls/" + prIndex + "/merge"
+
+		notVerifiedMsg := translation.NewLocale("en-US").TrString("repo.pulls.require_signed_head_commits_unverified")
+		apiNotVerifiedMsg := pull_service.ErrHeadCommitsNotAllVerified.Error()
+		// Matches the unexported "wont sign: %s" format and nokey signingMode in
+		// services/asymkey/sign.go; the test config uses SIGNING_KEY = none.
+		const wontSignMsg = "wont sign: nokey"
+
+		for _, style := range []repo_model.MergeStyle{repo_model.MergeStyleFastForwardOnly, repo_model.MergeStyleMerge} {
+			t.Run(string(style)+"/head-commits-unverified", func(t *testing.T) {
+				mergeReq := NewRequestWithValues(t, http.MethodPost, mergeURL, map[string]string{"do": string(style)})
+				resp := session.MakeRequest(t, mergeReq, http.StatusBadRequest)
+				assert.Equal(t, notVerifiedMsg, test.ParseJSONError(resp.Body.Bytes()).ErrorMessage)
+			})
+		}
+
+		for _, style := range []repo_model.MergeStyle{repo_model.MergeStyleRebase, repo_model.MergeStyleRebaseMerge, repo_model.MergeStyleSquash} {
+			t.Run(string(style)+"/wont-sign", func(t *testing.T) {
+				mergeReq := NewRequestWithValues(t, http.MethodPost, mergeURL, map[string]string{"do": string(style)})
+				resp := session.MakeRequest(t, mergeReq, http.StatusBadRequest)
+				assert.Equal(t, wontSignMsg, test.ParseJSONError(resp.Body.Bytes()).ErrorMessage)
+			})
+		}
+
+		// Admin force-merge must not bypass the unverified-head-commits check, since
+		// the pre-receive hook would reject the push regardless.
+		t.Run("fast-forward-only/admin-force-merge-does-not-bypass", func(t *testing.T) {
+			mergeReq := NewRequestWithValues(t, http.MethodPost, mergeURL, map[string]string{
+				"do":          string(repo_model.MergeStyleFastForwardOnly),
+				"force_merge": "true",
+			})
+			resp := session.MakeRequest(t, mergeReq, http.StatusBadRequest)
+			assert.Equal(t, notVerifiedMsg, test.ParseJSONError(resp.Body.Bytes()).ErrorMessage)
+		})
+
+		t.Run("api/fast-forward-only/head-commits-unverified", func(t *testing.T) {
+			apiReq := NewRequestWithJSON(t, http.MethodPost,
+				fmt.Sprintf("/api/v1/repos/user1/repo1/pulls/%s/merge", prIndex),
+				&forms.MergePullRequestForm{Do: string(repo_model.MergeStyleFastForwardOnly)},
+			).AddTokenAuth(token)
+			resp := session.MakeRequest(t, apiReq, http.StatusMethodNotAllowed)
+			apiBody := DecodeJSON(t, resp, &api.APIError{})
+			assert.Equal(t, apiNotVerifiedMsg, apiBody.Message)
+		})
+
+		pb, err := git_model.GetFirstMatchProtectedBranchRule(t.Context(), repo1.ID, "master")
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.NotNil(t, pb)
+		pb.RequireSignedCommits = false
+		require.NoError(t, git_model.UpdateProtectBranch(t.Context(), repo1, pb, git_model.WhitelistOptions{}))
+
+		require.NoError(t, pull_service.Merge(t.Context(), pr, user1, repo_model.MergeStyleFastForwardOnly, "", "FAST-FORWARD-ONLY", false))
+	})
+}
+
 func TestCantFastForwardOnlyMergeDiverging(t *testing.T) {
 	onGiteaRun(t, func(t *testing.T, giteaURL *url.URL) {
 		session := loginUser(t, "user1") // FIXME: don't use admin user for testing